Lake Francis Case

Lake Francis Case is a large reservoir located on the Missouri River in South Dakota. It was created by the construction of Fort Randall Dam and is an essential part of the Missouri River’s system of reservoirs. 

Fort Randall Dam

Fort Randall Dam

The lake is named after Francis Higbee Case, a dedicated U.S. Senator from South Dakota who served from 1951 until his death in 1962. Senator Case was a strong advocate for the development of water resources in the region and played a significant role in promoting the construction of the dam and reservoir. His contributions to the region's development are commemorated through the naming of the lake in his honor.

Geography and Physical Characteristics

It is a large reservoir with an area of approximately 102,000 acres (410 km²). It stretches about 107 miles (172 kilometers) in length and has an extensive shoreline measuring around 540 miles (870 kilometers). The lake's maximum depth is about 140 feet (43 meters).

It is the second-largest reservoir in South Dakota, following Lake Oahe. The lake extends through several counties, including Gregory, Charles Mix, Brule, and Lyman, and serves as an important water resource for the region.

Lake Francis Case

History of Lake Francis Case

The history of Lake Francis Case is closely tied to the construction of the Fort Randall Dam and the broader efforts to manage and utilize the water resources of the Missouri River Basin. The dam and reservoir were authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1944, a pivotal piece of legislation aimed at mitigating flood risks, providing irrigation, and generating hydroelectric power.

Construction of the Fort Randall Dam began in 1946 under the direction of the Army Corps of Engineers. The project was strategically located near the historic Fort Randall military base, established in 1856 to protect settlers and maintain peace in the region. The dam's construction progressed steadily over eight years, and in 1954, it was officially dedicated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, marking a significant milestone in the development of the region's infrastructure.

The creation of Lake Francis Case, however, had substantial impacts on the local communities and environment. One of the most notable consequences was the flooding of White Swan, a Native American settlement situated along the Missouri River. The residents of White Swan were forced to relocate, with many moving to nearby Lake Andes, South Dakota. Despite their relocation, the new settlement continued to face challenges, including periodic flooding.

Lake Francis Case

Recreational Opportunities

Lake Francis Case is a major destination for outdoor recreation, attracting thousands of visitors each year.

1. Fishing: The lake is renowned for its excellent fishing, particularly for walleye, smallmouth bass, northern pike, catfish, and white bass. Anglers from across the Midwest visit Lake Francis Case for both casual fishing and competitive tournaments.

2. Boating: The reservoir offers expansive waters for boating, water skiing, and jet skiing. Several marinas and boat ramps provide easy access to the lake.

3. Camping: The lake features numerous campgrounds, both public and private, with scenic views and modern amenities. Snake Creek Recreation Area, North Point Recreation Area, and Pease Creek Recreation Area are some of the most popular camping spots.

4. Hiking and Wildlife Viewing: The surrounding bluffs and rolling hills create excellent hiking trails and birdwatching opportunities. Visitors can often spot bald eagles, deer, and waterfowl along the shores.

Nearby Towns and Attractions

Several towns near Lake Francis Case serve as entry points for visitors.

1. Pickstown: Located near Fort Randall Dam, this small town provides access to recreational facilities and historical sites.

2. Chamberlain: A larger community along the Missouri River, Chamberlain is known for its cultural attractions, including the Akta Lakota Museum & Cultural Center.

3. Wagner: Another nearby town offering accommodations, dining, and local events that cater to lake visitors.

One of the notable attractions near the lake is Fort Randall Dam, which has a visitor center providing educational exhibits about the history, construction, and significance of the dam and lake.

Conclusion

Lake Francis Case is an essential reservoir on the Missouri River, offering a blend of recreational activities, historical significance, and ecological value. Whether for fishing, boating, camping, or simply enjoying the natural beauty of South Dakota, the lake remains a cherished destination for both locals and tourists. Its role in hydroelectric power generation and flood control further highlights its importance as a vital water resource in the region.

FAQs

Q. Where is Lake Francis case?

A. Lake Francis Case is located in South Dakota, on the Missouri River. It extends through portions of several counties, including Gregory, Charles Mix, Brule, Buffalo, and Lyman counties. The lake is created by the Fort Randall Dam, which is situated near the town of Pickstown.

Q. Who is Lake Francis Case named after?

A. Lake Francis Case is named after Francis Higbee Case, a prominent U.S. Congressman from South Dakota. Born in Iowa in 1896, Case served in both the House of Representatives and the Senate during his political career, which spanned from the late 1930s until his death in 1962. 

He was a strong advocate for water resources development and played a significant role in the authorization and funding of projects along the Missouri River, including the construction of dams and reservoirs. His contributions to the region's development and his dedication to improving water management and infrastructure led to the naming of the lake in his honor.

Q. How deep is Lake Francis Case?

A. Lake Francis Case has a maximum depth of approximately 140 feet (43 meters). This depth is primarily near the dam area, with the lake's depth varying along its length.

Q. What is the water temperature of Lake Francis Case?

A. The water temperature of Lake Francis Case can vary significantly depending on the time of year. In the summer months, typically from June to August, the surface water temperature often ranges from 70°F to 80°F (21°C to 27°C). During the spring and fall, the temperatures are cooler, generally ranging from 50°F to 70°F (10°C to 21°C). In the winter, the water temperature can drop significantly, especially near the surface, as the lake may partially freeze, with temperatures falling below 40°F (4°C). These variations are influenced by weather patterns, seasonal changes, and the inflow of water from the Missouri River.

Q. Does Lake Francis case freeze?

A. Yes, Lake Francis Case does freeze during the winter months, particularly in colder seasons. The extent and thickness of the ice can vary depending on the severity of the winter. Typically, the lake starts to freeze in late November or December, and the ice can last until March or early April. 

Ice fishing becomes a popular activity during this time, with anglers taking advantage of the frozen lake surface to fish for species such as walleye and northern pike. However, the ice conditions can be unpredictable, so it's essential for visitors to check local reports and exercise caution when venturing onto the ice.

Q. What fish are in Lake Francis Case?

A. Lake Francis Case is home to a diverse array of fish species, making it a popular destination for anglers. Some of the most common fish found in the lake include:

1. Walleye: One of the most sought-after fish in Lake Francis Case, known for its excellent taste and sport-fishing qualities.

2. Northern Pike: A large predator fish, appreciated for its fighting ability and size.

3. Smallmouth Bass: Popular among anglers for its fighting spirit and challenge.

4. Largemouth Bass: Another favorite among sport fishers, known for its aggressive strikes.

5. Channel Catfish: Valued both for sport and for its tasty meat.

6. Bluegill: A common panfish, often targeted by families and novice anglers.

7. Crappie: Both black and white crappie are present, known for their tasty flesh and abundance.

8. Yellow Perch: A smaller fish that is popular for its delicate flavor.

9. Common Carp: Although not as popular as a sport fish, carp are abundant in the lake.

10. White Bass: Known for their aggressive nature and schooling behavior.

These species provide a variety of fishing experiences for both novice and experienced anglers, with opportunities for both shore and boat fishing throughout the year.